Glasgow Digital Library Voyage of the Scotia BRUCE PEOPLE SHIP ANTARCTIC INDEX

Scotland and the Antarctic

Section 1: Background - Arctic and Antarctic

The start of a memorable expedition

Scotland and the Antarctic

Comparison of Arctic and Antarctic regions

The Arctic

The Antarctic

Arctic exploration

The search for the Northwest Passage

Amundsen's voyage 1903-06

The Northeast Passage

The North Pole

The Nature of Antarctica

Where does Antarctica come from?

The ice

Why is it the Antarctic so cold?

How cold is the Antarctic?

What effect does the wind have?

Why is the atmosphere so clear?

Winds and currents

What would happen if the ice melted?

Life on the land

Why do people live in Antarctica?

Section 2: Antarctic Exploration

Eighteenth Century

Captain James Cook (1728-1779)

Nineteenth Century

James Weddell (1787-1834)

James Clark Ross (1800-1862)

HMS Challenger 1872-1876

First International Polar Year 1882-83

Early Twentieth Century

Scott's British Antarctic Expedition 1901-03

German Antarctic Expedition 1901-03

Swedish expedition 1901-03

Scottish National Antarctic Expedition 1902-04

French expedition 1905

Antarctic expeditions 1907-1918

Antarctic exploration 1926-1952

International Geophysical Year 1957-58

Robert Swan Expedition 1984-85

International co-operation from 1990

Section 3: Scott, Shackleton and Amundsen

Robert Falcon Scott - Scott of the Antarctic

The British Antarctic Expedition 1901-1904

The southern journey, November 1902

The western journey, October 1903

Sir Ernest Shackleton

Shackleton and the Discovery expedition

The Nimrod expedition, 1907-1909

Mount Erebus

Ponies and dogs

Furthest south

The return to Britain

Roald Amundsen

Fram to the Antarctic 1910-11

South to the Pole

South Pole, 14 December 1911

The limits of exploration

Scott's journey to the South Pole

The Terra Nova

Cape Evans

The fatal journey

Aftermath

Shackleton's Imperial Transantarctic Expedition

Endurance

Aurora

The journey to Elephant Island

South Georgia

Rescue

Aftermath

Expedition timeline

Section 4: William Speirs Bruce - early exploration

Bruce's education

Voyage of the Balaena

Scurvy

The Ben Nevis Observatory

Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition

Fridtjof Nansen, explorer and oceanographer, 1861-1930

Blencathra Expedition 1898

Princess Alice Expedition 1898 and 1899

Section 5: Voyage of the Scotia

Planning and financing the expedition

The ship

The plan

The crew

The equipment

The voyage south

Falkland Islands

Pack ice

South Orkney Islands

Autumn in Scotia Bay

Winter in Scotia Bay

Survey of Laurie Island

Penguins and other wildlife

Allan George Ramsay 1878-1903

To Buenos Aires and back

Progress reports

Bruce in Argentina

Return to the Antarctic

Summer on Laurie Island

Second cruise in the Weddell Sea

Trapped in the ice

The Ross Deep

Gough Island

Soundings and dredgings by Scotia

Homeward bound

The welcome home

Second winter on Laurie Island

Voyage of the Uruguay

Summary of 1901-05 expeditions

Section 6: After the Scotia expedition

The Harvest of the Scotia

Plans for a second Antarctic expedition

The Scottish oceanographic laboratory

Prince Charles Foreland and Spitsbergen (Svalbard)

The death of Bruce

The fate of Scotia

Chronology from 1904 to 1924

Polar explorers and William Bruce

Section 7: The legacy of Bruce

Sealing

Whaling

Where did whaling begin?

How big are whales?

The whale catch

How many whales are left?

Fishing

Meteorology

Oceanography

The Earth's magnetism

Aurora and the solar wind

Measuring magnetism

Movements of the South Magnetic Pole

Politics of Antarctica

The Antarctic Treaty

War in the south

The Falklands War

British Antarctic Survey

Working for the British Antarctic Survey

Transport

The James Clark Ross

Food and waste

Out in the field

Achievements of British Antarctic Survey

Environmental Problems

Pollution

Global warming

The ozone layer

Lake Vostok

Tourism in the Antarctic

Adventure tourism

Port Lockroy

Epilogue

Section 8: Appendix

Antarctic Ships 1768 - 1917

Erebus and Terror, 1839-1843

How do you know when you are at the South Pole?

Sir Archibald Geikie

George Lennox Watson 1851-1904

The emperor penguin

Log of Scotia, January 1904, Buenos Aires

Log of the Scotia, 12 March 1904, Coats Land

Troon harbour

World history during the heroic age of Antarctic exploration

Bibliography


Glasgow Digital Library Voyage of the Scotia BRUCE PEOPLE SHIP ANTARCTIC INDEX