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The average annual temperatures in Scotland are between 3-5°C in winter and 14-16°C in the summer months. At the South Pole the summer temperatures average -28°C and in the winter -59°C. The lowest temperature on the planet was recorded in Antarctica. The sketch below shows the highest and lowest temperatures recorded in Scotland, the United Kingdom and the world.
| 58.0°C | World highest, Al'azizyah, Libya 1922 |
| 37.1°C | UK highest, Cheltenham 1990 |
| 32.8°C | Scotland highest, Selkirk 1868 |
| -15.0°C | Warmest temperature at South Pole |
| -27.2°C | UK coldest, Braemar 1895, 1982, and Altnaharra 1995 |
| -89.6°C | World coldest, Vostok, Antarctica |
The temperatures at the coast are warmer than in the interior but even in the South Orkney Islands (where William Speirs Bruce overwintered) the summer temperature is only 0°C and in the winter -10.2°C. This is much colder than the Shetland Islands which are milder due to the Gulf Stream.
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