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main image Smithy, Cousland, Midlothian
Before 1770, country smiths did not have full-time work and so also worked as farmers. When cheap iron became available from places like the Carron iron works, smiths became central to the rapid changes in farming methods. As far as work was concerned, the smithy was the central point in a country district.

Working horses had been rare, but now they were common and every one had to be shod. Tools and machinery might be bought from factories, but the smith had to repair them.


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