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Draining and Flooding
Land drainage
Soil drainage
Protection
Wells and dams
Flooding
main image River embankment, River Nith, Dumfries-shire
Most rivers are bounded by flat, low-lying flood plains, especially in their lower reaches. As the name implies, they are subject to flooding.

Flood plains tend to leave fertile soils, enriched by silt. To exploit these, without the risk of inundation, embankments were built up along the river banks.

The risk of flooding has been heightened by land drainage, including sub-soil drains, upstream of flood plains. This has led to quicker run-off and more extreme variations in river level.


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