1.      For the Riding School at Bolsover Castle, see Mark Girouard, Robert Smythson and the Elizabethan Country House, (Yale University Press, 1983), pp.279-82 and 300-302.  For William Cavendish and his interest in horses, see Ibid., p.247.  Girouard’s dating of the Riding School to c.1635-42 is not universally accepted - see, for example, Malcolm Airs, The Buildings of Britain: Tudor and Jacobean, (Barrie and Jenkins, 1982), p.141.

2.     For the stables and Riding School at Nostell Priory, see D King, The Complete Works of Robert and James Adam, (Butterworth, 1991), p.347.

3.     The history of the Academy is chronicled by W Forbes Gray, in "An Eighteenth-Century Riding School," published in The Book of the Old Edinburgh Club, Vol.20 (1935), pp.111-159.  This article is an invaluable source from which much of the information on the Riding House in this essay is taken.  It is based largely on the Minute Book of the Academy, which survives in Edinburgh City Library.

4.     W Forbes Gray, "An Eighteenth-Century Riding School," The Book of the Old Edinburgh Club, Vol.20 (1935), pp.117-8.

5.     Printed in The Caldwell Papers, (Maitland Club publication No. 71, Glasgow, 1883), Part 2, Vol. 1, pp.179-181.

6.     See W Forbes Gray, "An Eighteenth-Century Riding School," The Book of the Old Edinburgh Club, Vol.20 (1935), pp.120-121.

7.     W Forbes Gray, "An Eighteenth-Century Riding School," The Book of the Old Edinburgh Club, Vol.20 (1935), p.121.

8.     W Forbes Gray, "An Eighteenth-Century Riding School," The Book of the Old Edinburgh Club, Vol.20 (1935), pp.121-122.

9.     W Forbes Gray, "An Eighteenth-Century Riding School," The Book of the Old Edinburgh Club, Vol.20 (1935), pp.124-125.

10.    Printed in The Caldwell Papers, (Maitland Club publication No. 71, Glasgow, 1883), Part 2, Vol. 1, pp.179-181.

11.    Soane Museum, Adam Collection, Vol. 38, Drawings 50-54.

12.    Soane Museum, Adam Collection, Vol.21, Drawing 116.

13.    This is quoted extensively in W Forbes Gray, "An Eighteenth-Century Riding School," The Book of the Old Edinburgh Club, Vol.20 (1935).

14.    See D King, The Complete Works of Robert and James Adam, (Butterworth, 1991), p.347.

15.    Andrea Palladio, The Four Books of Architecture, Book 1, Chapter 14.

16.    Adam, Robert and James, The Works in Architecture of Robert and James Adam, Vol. 1, Part 2 (1774), Introduction.

17.    In his letter to John Fordyce, printed in The Caldwell Papers, (Maitland Club publication No. 71, Glasgow, 1883), Part 2, Vol. 1, pp.179-181.

18.    W Forbes Gray, "An Eighteenth-Century Riding School," The Book of the Old Edinburgh Club, Vol.20 (1935), p.125.  Gentlemen scholars were to receive two tickets each, lady scholars one ticket each, and directors five each.

19.    Minute Book of the Academy, quoted in W Forbes Gray, "An Eighteenth-Century Riding School," The Book of the Old Edinburgh Club, Vol.20 (1935), p.134.

20.    Petition and Memorial to the Lords of the Treasury, 2nd December 1808 (Exchequer Reports, 3rd August 1808 to 21st June 1810), quoted in W Forbes Gray, "An Eighteenth-Century Riding School," The Book of the Old Edinburgh Club, Vol.20 (1935), p.147.

21.    Held in Edinburgh City Library, quoted in W Forbes Gray, "An Eighteenth-Century Riding School," The Book of the Old Edinburgh Club, Vol.20 (1935), p.156.

22.    Printed in The Caldwell Papers, (Maitland Club publication No. 71, Glasgow, 1883), Part 2, Vol. 1, pp.179-181.

23.    See W Forbes Gray, "An Eighteenth-Century Riding School," The Book of the Old Edinburgh Club, Vol.20 (1935), p.130.

24.    The process is described by W Forbes Gray.  See W Forbes Gray, "An Eighteenth-Century Riding School," The Book of the Old Edinburgh Club, Vol.20 (1935), pp.143-155.

25.    W Forbes Gray.  See W Forbes Gray, "An Eighteenth-Century Riding School," The Book of the Old Edinburgh Club, Vol.20 (1935), p.140.